Several
years ago, at the funeral for University of Virginia Dean of Admissions Jack
Blackburn, I ran into Bill Hartog, the long-time Dean of Admissions at
Washington and Lee University. We shared
our fond memories of Jack and his legacy for our profession, and commiserated
about becoming elder statesmen, or just older.
I
shared my experience of attending a meeting of independent school college
counselors, including several who had just moved across the desk from the
college side. At the end of the meeting,
one of them looked at me and stated how inspiring it was to see the old-timers
present. Thinking he wanted affirmation,
I started to reply, “It sure is,” when it hit me that the old-timer he was
referring to was me.
Bill
observed that he was now 25 years older than the next oldest member of his
staff. He sensed that people in the
office were asking, “Who is that old guy, what does he do here, and why is he
always so grumpy?”
No
one would begrudge Bill for being grumpy this week. I returned from Toronto on Sunday night to
learn that the Washington Post had
published an article about colleges that count incomplete applications when
computing application totals and admit rate.
The focal point in the article was W&L. A day later Washington and Lee President
Kenneth Ruscio called for an internal review of the school’s procedures for
reporting admissions data.
The
original article correctly points out that W&L’s practice is not
out-of-line with the accepted guidelines for reporting data to the federal
government or as established by the Common Data Set, but there is also an
implication that what W&L is doing is comparable to the misrepresentation
of admissions stats that occurred at places like Emory and Claremont McKenna
and Bucknell. Based on what I have read
and what I know, that is not the case.
I
read the article not as an indictment of Washington and Lee but as a criticism
of the current state of college admission.
There is a disconnect between the accepted practice within our
profession and public understanding of how the admissions process works. The implicit criticism of W&L was due to
counting as completed applications more than 1100 applications that were
incomplete, an inclusion that lowered the acceptance rate from 24% to 19%. That’s common practice, and I don’t consider
it unethical, but many of us are guilty of massaging statistics to make us look
better.
I
also think we have deliberately kept a veil of mystery over how admission
works, at least partly because we don’t want the public to know how subjective
and imprecise holistic admission can be.
That veil of mystery is a double-edged sword. It increases public fascination with college
admission, but it also leads to skepticism and distrust about our practices and
our motives. As colleges move to a
culture driven by marketing, we also send a message that we are motivated by
self-interest rather than the public interest.
It is also the case that every instance of misrepresentation at one
institution harms all of us.
The
larger issue is that we have allowed admissions metrics to become a proxy for
institutional quality. Because
educational outcomes are so difficult to measure, we have turned to things that
are easy to measure (and easy to manipulate) and assigned them value that is in
no way justified. The unchallenged
assumption is that the more popular the institution—application numbers, admit
rate, yield—the better it must be. There
are plenty of culprits for that way of thinking—Presidents, Provosts, and
Boards; Bond-rating agencies; and of course, U.S. News and World Report, the poster child for measuring
educational quality without considering the educational experience. The logical conclusion of the
“Popularity=Quality” mindset is that the ultimate gourmand experience will be
found at McDonald’s.
Either Mark Twain or Benjamin Disraeli said
that there are three kinds of lies—lies, damned lies, and statistics. Colleges and universities know better than to
spread lies or damned lies, but I think we can expect more scrutiny over our
use of statistics. I suspect we will be challenged both by Gen X parents and by
the federal government to find new ways to show the value of a college
education and the value added by particular institutions. The Obama administration’s proposal to rank
colleges and allocate federal aid based on access, affordability, and outcomes
may be the first salvo. We need to be
proactive and not reactive.